19 kommuner med EU-migranter som tvingas att tigga \u2013 Kalla Fakta avsl\u00f6jar<\/a><\/p>\n5) Roma people habitually lie and are thus unsuited to participation in surveys as informants;<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\n EJ MYT!<\/strong> Naturligtvis ljuger inte romer alltid. M\u00e4rklig punkt och helt s\u00e4kert ocks\u00e5 p\u00e5hittad av Fafo.<\/span><\/p>\n6) if we give the Romanian migrants money, more of them will come.<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nEJ MYT!<\/strong> Detta beh\u00f6ver vi inte ens konstatera utifr\u00e5n verkligheten. Alla sunt t\u00e4nkande m\u00e4nniskor f\u00f6rst\u00e5r att fattiga s\u00f6ker sig dit d\u00e4r de kan tj\u00e4na mest. Helt naturligt.<\/span><\/p>\nDet \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 den slutsats Fafo kommer fram till (men som inte framg\u00e5r av media).<\/span><\/p>\nOn the other hand, the street workers also have local supporters who oppose these claims, and assert that
\n7) beggars and street workers earn hardly any money while in Scandinavia;<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nAllt \u00e4r relativt, och i fallen med tiggarbossar vet vi att det \u00e4r riktigt att tiggarna tj\u00e4nar extremt lite eller inget.<\/span><\/p>\nNot. H\u00e4r \u00e4r det n\u00e4stan enda st\u00e4llet Fafo g\u00f6r skillnad p\u00e5 ”beggars<\/em>” och ”street workers<\/em>” (och ”the Roma<\/em>” i andra fall), vilket g\u00f6r rapporten i praktiken obegriplig bara av detta sk\u00e4l.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n8) the Roma in particular are discriminated against, chased and harassed by the police, private security guards and members of the general public;<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nMYT!<\/strong> Det finns inget st\u00f6d f\u00f6r p\u00e5st\u00e5endet att;<\/span>
\n a. Romer \u00e4r diskriminerade i Sverige – Motsatsen g\u00e4ller, romer f\u00e5r privilegier som inte svenska medborgare f\u00e5r (signifikativt f\u00f6r detta p\u00e5st\u00e5ende \u00e4r att varje g\u00e5ng det h\u00e4vdas kan\/vill ingen f\u00f6rklara p\u00e5 vilket s\u00e4tt diskriminering skett i Sverige)<\/span>.
\n b. Romer jagas och trakasseras av polis – Raka motsatsen g\u00e4ller!<\/span>
\n c. Romer jagas och trakasseras av s\u00e4kerhetsvakter – L\u00f6gn!<\/span><\/p>\n9) that if crimes are committed by the Roma, it is only out of desperation and in order to secure survival for themselves and their families;<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nEJ MYT!<\/strong> Orsakerna till romernas brottslighet vet vi inget om (eftersom det aldrig ens unders\u00f6kts… om det ens \u00e4r praktiskt m\u00f6jligt), mer \u00e4n att en naturlig konsekvens av fattigdom \u00e4r kriminalitet.<\/span><\/p>\n10) if they were given equal opportunities, the street workers would all rather work than beg.<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nSpekulationer. P\u00e5 vilket s\u00e4tt ges romerna inte samma r\u00e4ttigheter i Sverige?<\/span><\/p>\nSince this last claim is more or less the opposite of assertion 3), we do not deal with it in a separate section as we do with the other nine.<\/p>\n
Who is right? What is true?<\/p>\n
Our study provides some support to both camps, but also quite solidly refutes a number of these assertions and beliefs as being pure myths.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nNaturligtvis finns det inte bara en sanning. Romer – precis som alla andra folkslag – \u00e4r inte identiska varandra. Meningsl\u00f6st att konstatera det uppenbara.<\/span><\/p>\nDet som \u00e4r sant motbevisas inte av de fyra forskarna.<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (1): The Roma street workers are not really poor but spend the money gained in Scandinavia on \u2018palaces\u2019 in Romania<\/h3>\n
The overall picture that emerges from our study is one of a population which is extremely poor in terms of conventional socioeconomic resources. They are marginalised from the labour markets at home and in the rest of Europe, they live in poverty and have extremely poor housing conditions in Romania, and when in Scandinavia they mainly sleep outdoors and eat cold tinned or other basic food. It is not necessarily the poorest who migrate<\/strong>, but the bulk of street workers in Scandinavia are definitely not among the wealthier members of the Romanian population. The money they earn from migration is largely spent on daily necessities.<\/strong><\/p>\n\u2018Roma palaces\u2019 do exist, among other places in the city of Targu Jiu in the migrant-sending region of Gorj, where some enormous residences have been built.
\nAccording to local informants, however, these have been constructed using money earned from selling scrap-metal during the process of dismantling several abandoned factories in the wake of the collapse of the Ceausescu regime. We interviewed several people in these areas and found no indications that the Roma who live in these palaces migrate to Scandinavia. That obviously does not guarantee that no examples exist of migrants who live in such palaces. Our data do, however, enable us to reject the hypothesis that the bulk of the migrants on the streets of the Scandinavian capitals enjoy housing standards of that kind.<\/p>\n
We interviewed a large number of migrants in their homes, and our impression from this qualitative fieldwork confirmed the results from the survey: most migrants live in severe poverty, in very low quality housing. On the other hand, the existence of such palaces in these areas probably does contribute to maintaining the myth of rich beggars.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet verkar som de fyra forskarna sj\u00e4lva hittat p\u00e5 en myt bara f\u00f6r att kunna avf\u00e4rda den (dessutom p\u00e5 ett ovetenskapligt s\u00e4tt).<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (2) The money does not reach those who really need it, but goes to organisers and traffickers<\/h3>\n
There is no doubt that the migration of poor people from the countryside in Romania to the Scandinavian capitals tends to be organised in the sociological sense of the word.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nJa, det \u00e4r sj\u00e4lvklart att tiggarna organiserar sig, och det beh\u00f6vs ingen unders\u00f6kning f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 detta.<\/span><\/p>\nA majority of the Roma migrants (especially those going to Oslo and Stockholm) travel with family members, and social networks play an important role financially, in terms of security (they take care of each other), and in learning income-earning strategies<\/strong>.<\/p>\nTravel routes are also to some extent \u2018organised\u2019; for instance, Roma migrants to Oslo often travel by informal minibus services that also offer access to credit.<\/p>\n
There is also no doubt that many of the migrants are in a situation where they are vulnerable to exploitation and abuse by others. They may be robbed or become victims of extortion, and if they are not able to earn enough money to pay back their debts, they are vulnerable to manipulation \u2013 for example, being forced to engage in alternative income-earning activities that they did not intend to engage in when they left Romania.<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nH\u00e4r erk\u00e4nner de fyra forskarna att m\u00e4nniskohandel f\u00f6rekommer. Detta var inget TT tog upp i sin sammanfattning (ej heller SVT, SR eller n\u00e5gon annan media).<\/span><\/p>\nIn some elements of the population of street workers, particularly in Copenhagen, there are people with drug and alcohol abuse problems that may again leave them vulnerable to exploitation.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet \u00e4r inte bara i K\u00f6penhamn som tiggarna har drog- och alkoholproblem. Om man tittar i de l\u00e4ger som EU-migranterna har och har haft i Malm\u00f6 ser man enorma m\u00e4ngder med \u00f6l- och vinflaskor. Dessutom verkar en ovanligt stor andel vara r\u00f6kare… hur de nu har r\u00e5d med detta.<\/span><\/p>\nHowever, although these factors creating vulnerabilities are clearly present in the survey population, there is no indication of the presence of traffickers or organisers outside the close family who manipulate people into travelling, and who take a cut of their incomes.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nOm forskarna f\u00f6ljt avsl\u00f6jandena i media s\u00e5 hade de kunnat konstatera att det givetvis visst f\u00f6rekommer trafficking samt organisat\u00f6rer utanf\u00f6r familjen (ibl inom familjen) som manipulerar tiggarna till tiggarresor och som tar allt eller delar av tiggarnas inkomst. Jag har sett detta \u00e4ven i norsk media. Men det verkar de fyra forskarna ha ”missat”.<\/span><\/p>\nThe vulnerabilities that exist can largely be related to the fact that this group lives on the margins of society while in Scandinavia.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nJaha?<\/span><\/p>\nThe police in Copenhagen and Oslo are not necessarily viewed by street workers as being there to protect them from exploitation. This creates opportunities for extortion and exploitation, particularly in the case of the migrants who do not have family networks to support them while abroad.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nNaturligtvis finns det m\u00f6jligheter att utpressa och utnyttja tiggare. Det har konstaterats \u00e5tskilliga g\u00e5nger. Tiggare utnyttjas t o m ibland av familjen.<\/span><\/p>\nWe were told some stories of exploitation and abuse. These did not seem to be related to begging for the most part, but primarily to work in the informal labour market.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nH\u00e4r s\u00e4ger forskarna att det \u00e4r vanligare att tiggare utnyttjas n\u00e4r de arbetar svart? Det fungerar allts\u00e5 som n\u00e4r svenskar jobbar svart?<\/span><\/p>\nA possible explanation for this is that incomes are higher in the informal labour market than in the market for begging, and therefore the people who are working are more attractive to potential exploiters than those who beg.<\/p>\n
There are also a number of people who feel that they have been given false expectations about their prospects in Scandinavia, and who regret coming. It is not clear whether the people who gave them these expectations in any way profited from their travel, but we have no indication of this from the more than 1,200 interviews conducted.<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nAtt forskarna inte utrett om de falska f\u00f6rhoppningar som tiggare givits f\u00f6r att komma till Sverige gagnade n\u00e5gon annan visar p\u00e5 hur oseri\u00f6s denna unders\u00f6kning \u00e4r.<\/span><\/p>\nOverall, we are confident in concluding that the majority of beggars and street workers travel of their own free will and with at least a rough knowledge of what awaits them, and that most of them are in control of their own activities and their own incomes within the culturally-established expectations defined in family roles.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet h\u00e4r \u00e4r politisk retorik med som enda syfte att lura och manipulera.<\/span>
\n Om 3 001 av 6 000 tiggande EU-migranter gissningsvis \u00e4r h\u00e4r frivilligt f\u00f6r att tigga – och medvetna om vad de ger sig in p\u00e5 – samt har kontroll \u00f6ver sina egna aktiviteter och inkomster, s\u00e5 \u00e4r allt ok?<\/span>
\n D\u00e5 spelar det allts\u00e5 ingen roll att 2 999 tiggare uts\u00e4tts f\u00f6r m\u00e4nniskohandel, etc?<\/span><\/p>\nFor most, income from begging and street work is shared only within the immediate family and household.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nSamma sak h\u00e4r. Om 51 % f\u00e5r beh\u00e5lla de pengar de tiggt ihop s\u00e5 \u00e4r allt gott och v\u00e4l?<\/span><\/p>\nThe people who organise transport back and forth to Romania obviously make a profit from providing this transport, but the prices appear to be fixed, and we have no indication that the drivers or other agents linked to the transportation companies in any way influence the activities of beggars and street workers.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nJag ger inte mycket f\u00f6r denna slutsats, men det \u00e4r v\u00e4l helt naturligt att priset f\u00f6r transporten till Sverige \u00e4r relativt fast (d\u00e4r svenska skattebetalare ofta sedan f\u00e5r st\u00e5 f\u00f6r kostnaden f\u00f6r deras hemresa).<\/span><\/p>\nTraditional Roma families tend to be patriarchal, and it can be assumed that abuse within families does take place, both among the Roma families that come to Scandinavia and among those that do not<\/strong>. Migration can increase vulnerability to exploitation among both men and women.<\/p>\nHowever, it should be kept in mind that migration can also provide a way for women to create a distance to patriarchal and exploitative family relationships. As begging is an income-earning strategy where women tend to earn more than men, it has the potential to strengthen the position of women in their families, and can also give them independent incomes that enable them to break away from exploitative family relationships.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet \u00e4r en galen slutsats, bevisligen ej styrkt av n\u00e5got, och uppenbart inkorrekt.<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (3): The Roma do not want to work but prefer to beg<\/h3>\n
There is little doubt that begging and other types of street work have evolved as economic adaptation strategies as part of a more general \u2018oppositional identity\u2019 within the marginalised Roma minority population. In a sense, the perceived identity as being Roma, and cultural practices embedded within Roma communities, can in some cases provide a form of protection against the sense of shame and humiliation that is commonly associated with begging in mainstream society. There is little evidence, however, to suggest that begging is a preferred survival strategy.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet finns \u00e4nnu mindre bevis f\u00f6r motsatsen, dvs att tiggeriet skulle vara en \u00f6verlevnadsstrategi som ingen tiggare f\u00f6redrar.<\/span><\/p>\nMost of the migrant street workers perceive themselves as labour migrants; they would prefer to have jobs rather than engaging in their present kinds of income-earning activities.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet saknas vetenskapligt st\u00f6d f\u00f6r detta. Det \u00e4r v\u00e4l helt givet att en tiggare ser sig sj\u00e4lv som ”arbetsmigrant<\/em>” och det \u00e4r givet att tiggare sj\u00e4lva s\u00e4ger sig hellre vilja ha ett jobb \u00e4n att tigga.<\/span>
\n Enda s\u00e4ttet att ta reda p\u00e5 vad som g\u00e4ller \u00e4r att tiggare erbjuds olika jobb (vilket i regel m\u00e5ste vara okvalificerat) och sedan f\u00e5r man se hur m\u00e5nga som accepterar vilket jobb och hur l\u00e4nge respektive tiggare stannar i det erbjudna arbetet.<\/span><\/p>\nIn fact, a majority of the street workers do try to find work (some even succeed), and those who are able to get enough income through casual work, music or street performances typically prefer this to begging.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet finns inget vetenskapligt st\u00f6d f\u00f6r att de flesta tiggare f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker finna ett arbete i Sverige. Men en naturlig f\u00f6rklaring till att detta f\u00f6rekommer kan vara att det \u00e4r en f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttning f\u00f6r att erh\u00e5lla bidrag fr\u00e5n Sverige.<\/span><\/p>\nAtt vissa lyckas finna ett jobb \u00e4r ett irrelevant p\u00e5st\u00e5ende. Dessa 0,1 % eller s\u00e5 f\u00e5r ett tillf\u00e4lligt okvalificerat arbete, och inte s\u00e4llan pga att arbetsgivaren d\u00e4rmed f\u00e5r extrem uppm\u00e4rksamhet i media. Reklam!<\/span><\/p>\nHowever, given their sometimes complete lack of education and formal work experience, combined with discrimination and high barriers to entering the formal labour market in the Scandinavian countries, few actually have any chance of finding jobs while living in Scandinavia.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDetta \u00e4r emellertid ett korrekt konstaterande. Extremt f\u00e5 tiggare har en realistisk m\u00f6jlighet att f\u00e5 ens ett kortvarigt okvalificerat arbete i Skandinavien.<\/span><\/p>\nBrist p\u00e5 utbildning och arbetslivserfarenhet g\u00f6r det sv\u00e5rt att finna ett arbete i ett h\u00f6gteknologiskt land som Sverige, med redan h\u00f6g arbetsl\u00f6shet som bara kommer att \u00f6ka.<\/span><\/p>\nP\u00e5st\u00e5endet om diskriminering \u00e4r d\u00e4remot ostyrkt.<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (4): Begging is a cover for criminal activities<\/h3>\n
The truth or otherwise of this notion is more difficult to assess through survey data.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nSj\u00e4lvklart \u00e4r det en om\u00f6jlighet att f\u00e5 fram vad som g\u00e4ller i denna fr\u00e5ga eftersom en klar majoritet av de brott som beg\u00e5s antingen inte utreds alls eller inte leder till att g\u00e4rningsm\u00e4nnen hittas och kan \u00e5talas.<\/span><\/p>\nOur combined data do shed some light on criminal activities, however.<\/p>\n
There are clearly subgroups of the population in all three countries that engage in petty crime, such as shoplifting and pick-pocketing, or who sell prescription drugs smuggled from Romania or stolen copper.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nJa, snatteri, fickst\u00f6lder samt f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljning av droger och stulen koppar \u00e4r s\u00e4kert de vanligaste brotten bland romer\/rum\u00e4ner\/tiggare.<\/span><\/p>\nThere are several indications that such crime is most widespread and serious in Copenhagen, and least so in Stockholm.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nVilka indikationer visar att dessa brott skulle vara vanligast bland tiggare i K\u00f6penham och minst frekvent f\u00f6rekommande i Stockholm?<\/span>
\n Forskarna tycks i huvudsak \u00e4gna sig \u00e5t personligt tyckande ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att basera sig p\u00e5 fakta.<\/span><\/p>\nOur surveys also indicate that criminal activities are more prevalent among those who do not beg than among those who do.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\n \u00c4r det troligt att tiggarna ber\u00e4tttar om de brott de beg\u00e5r?<\/span><\/p>\nThat does not mean that people who beg do not sometimes steal, but it shows that even if the authorities should succeed in eradicating begging, that would not necessarily eradicate crime within the homeless migrant population.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nEU-migranterna \u00e4r inte heml\u00f6sa.<\/span>
\n Naturligtvis f\u00f6rsvinner inte brott bara f\u00f6r att tiggeri f\u00f6rsvinner. Vem tror det?<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (5): Roma people habitually lie and are thus unsuited to participation in surveys as informants<\/h3>\n
If this was the case it would not be possible to study the situation of the Roma in the Scandinavian capitals on the basis of interviews with members of the group.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nJa, om romer ljuger s\u00e5 \u00e4r det inte m\u00f6jligt att studera situationen f\u00f6r romerna baserat p\u00e5 intervjuer med dem. Huvudet p\u00e5 spiken!<\/span><\/p>\nAs we show in Chapter 1 and the methodology appendix, the structure of our dataset shows that it is of a quality that could not be produced if the respondents were systematically lying.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nPersonligt tyckande. Tiggarna \u00e4r inte \u00e4rligare \u00e4n t ex politikerna i Sverige. Naturligtvis ljuger tiggarna inte om allt, men om vissa saker och sanningen f\u00f6rvr\u00e4ngs, precis som politiker g\u00f6r i sin retorik.<\/span><\/p>\nRespondents who talk of aspects of their lives where there are problems also tell us of aspects of their lives that work better.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet saknar relevans f\u00f6r fr\u00e5gan att vissa tiggare ber\u00e4ttar om vissa saker som fungerar ”b\u00e4ttre<\/em>” i deras liv.<\/span><\/p>\nThe patterns in the data correspond with other characteristics such as age, gender and education in ways that we would expect them to do on the basis of sociological theory. These patterns could not be produced if our respondents were not largely telling us the truth.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nPersonligt tyckande. Dessutom handlar det inte om att ”en \u00f6verv\u00e4gande del<\/em>” av svaren \u00e4r osant (se ovan).<\/span><\/p>\nHowever, on some issues, such as income and criminal activities, we do not believe that the data produced are a proper reflection of the situation in the survey population, and there is probably extensive underreporting in these areas.<\/strong> On these issues we would usually expect underreporting in surveys of other population groups as well.<\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nDet \u00e4r sj\u00e4lvklart att tiggarnas svar om inkomster och brottslighet inte speglar sanningen.<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (6): If we give the Romanian migrants money, more of them will come<\/h3>\n
There have been concerns expressed that if Romanian migrant street workers are given money, help and support in Scandinavia, more of them will come, and once having arrived, they will not leave again. There is much to support such a claim.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet \u00e4r gl\u00e4djande att forskarna f\u00f6rst\u00e5tt det f\u00f6r alla helt uppenbara, dvs att ju mer st\u00f6d tiggarna f\u00e5r i Sverige, desto fler kommer hit och desto midre troligt att de \u00e5terv\u00e4nder. Det \u00e4r inte utan anledning antalet EU-migranter mer \u00e4n f\u00f6rdubblats i Sverige p\u00e5 ett \u00e5r.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nDenna information undanh\u00f6ll statlig media oss n\u00e4r de gick ut med sitt referat av Fafo’s unders\u00f6kning.<\/span><\/p>\nThe fall of the Ceausescu regime, discrimination against the Roma in the Romanian labour market and crumbling income opportunities both in Romania and southern Europe as a consequence of the economic crisis all seem to have put the Roma communities in Romania in an even more difficult financial situation than was the case before 1989. The economic crisis also affected the income opportunities of non-Roma Romanians, and a significant proportion of the migrants are non-Roma. The perceived affluence of the Scandinavian societies no doubt attracts these migrants.<\/p>\n
As long as the income opportunities in Romania remain as difficult as today, it is more than likely that migration from Romania to Scandinavia to engage in street work will continue.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet \u00e4r riktigt. Antalet EU-migranter som kommer till Sverige kommer att \u00f6ka om kommunerna forts\u00e4tter att l\u00e4gga s\u00e5 stora resurser p\u00e5 att f\u00f6rs\u00f6rja EU-migranterna.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nRomania is among the poorest countries in Europe, and it is widely accepted that the responsibility for improving the situation for the Roma has to be a shared one at the European level.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nRum\u00e4nien (som bara \u00e4r ett av l\u00e4nderna tiggarna kommer fr\u00e5n) \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 ett av Europas rikaste l\u00e4nder. Det \u00e4r rikt p\u00e5 naturtillg\u00e5ngar och rikt p\u00e5 turistm\u00e5l.<\/span><\/p>\nD\u00e4rav att tiggarna har b\u00e4st f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningar att st\u00f6djas i Rum\u00e4nien, medan den ”hj\u00e4lp<\/em>” kommunerna i sin okunskap ger i Sverige endast \u00e4r en bj\u00f6rntj\u00e4nst eftersom det f\u00f6rsv\u00e5rar och f\u00f6rsenar denna process i r\u00e4tt riktning.<\/span><\/p>\nOm de resurser kommunerna lagt p\u00e5 tiggarna ist\u00e4llet lagts p\u00e5 romerna i Rum\u00e4nien skulle minst tiodubbelt s\u00e5 m\u00e5nga f\u00e5tt en avsev\u00e4rt b\u00e4ttre levnadsstandard.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\nThe situation for the Roma communities has been high on the EU agenda for years, and a number of projects and action plans have been financed and carried out in cooperation with the Romanian authorities.
\nNevertheless, so far the difficult situation of the Roma is far from being resolved. The income opportunities in Scandinavia are obviously the decisive factor that sustains these recurring patterns of migration.<\/strong><\/p>\nRed’s kom:
\nNaturligtvis har inte situationen f\u00f6r romerna l\u00f6sts. Man l\u00f6ser inte ett problem som varat i 500 \u00e5r p\u00e5 ett \u00e5r eller tv\u00e5. Det kommer att ta decennier, och det m\u00e5ste man vara inf\u00f6rst\u00e5dd med n\u00e4r man g\u00f6r de insatser man g\u00f6r f\u00f6r specifikt romerna – men tyv\u00e4rr inte s\u00e5 mycket f\u00f6r andra grupper som \u00e4r lika fattiga eller fattigare<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (7) Beggars and street workers earn hardly any money while in Scandinavia<\/h3>\n
Going to Scandinavia to earn is hardly a viable strategy for escaping poverty in the long run.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet \u00e4r korrekt. Det \u00e4r inte en l\u00e5ngsiktig l\u00f6sning p\u00e5 fattigdomen att tigga i Sverige. Tv\u00e4rtom s\u00e5 minskar det m\u00f6jligheterna att successivt minska fattigdomen.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\nHowever, for many Romanians their mobility has enabled them to put more food on the table than would otherwise have been possible, and for some, the money has benefitted their children\u2019s schooling.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nPersonligt tyckande. Dessutom \u00e4r det meningsl\u00f6st att konstatera att tiggeriet lett till t ex mer mat p\u00e5 bordet f\u00f6r ”n\u00e5gra<\/em>” tiggare. Hur m\u00e5nga \u00e4r n\u00e5gra? Fem stycken? Eller 50 stycken under en fem\u00e5rsperiod?<\/span><\/p>\nNot all migrants send remittances home, but many do. The money is sorely needed, and is mostly spent on necessities such as food and clothes, health, and school expenses for children.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nF\u00f6r de tiggare som skickar pengar hem till familjen, vet ingen hur mycket det \u00e4r eller vad det g\u00e5r till.<\/span><\/p>\nQuite a lot of the income is also spent on financing the journey, and to pay other debts.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nEn viktig aspekt. Dvs mycket av det som tiggarna tj\u00e4nar ihop g\u00e5r till resan till Sverige och till ”l\u00e5nehajarna<\/em>” som l\u00e5nat dem pengar f\u00f6r resan till Sverige.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\nThose who accumulate enough to invest usually do so by repairing their houses. In the migrant-sending communities in Romania, it is easy to identify households of established and relatively \u2018successful\u2019 migrants by the new tin roofs or newly repaired walls of their houses.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nPersonligt tyckande.<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (8): The Roma in particular are discriminated against, chased and harassed by the police, private security guards and members of the general public<\/h3>\n
Many street workers have experienced being told to move on from public spaces, being refused payment of the deposit on empty bottles, or being shouted at in the street.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nGanska naturligt att om tiggarna st\u00f6r eller bryter mot lagen – vilket kanske \u00e4r mer regel \u00e4n undantag – s\u00e5 \u00e4r det givet att de i \u00e5tminstonde vissa av dessa fall ombeds att flytta p\u00e5 sig.<\/span><\/p>\nHowever, the majority of street workers have not had such experiences.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDetta \u00e4r en intressant iakttagelse som statlig media undanh\u00e5llit medborgarna. En majoritet av tiggarna har allts\u00e5 aldrig upplevt n\u00e5gra problem, trots alla brott mot lokala ordningsstadgar, ockupationer av mark och byggnader, etc.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\nRoma street workers report being more exposed than others to some kinds of harassment, particularly in Oslo, but even in Oslo the majority of the Roma report never having been denied access to a caf\u00e9.<\/p>\n
The Roma are used to pretty rough treatment when trying to carry out street work in Romania, and this probably colours their evaluations of the Scandinavians. In qualitative interviews, the Scandinavians are typically described as \u2018kind\u2019.<\/p>\n
In our survey, when the fixed section of the interview was over, we invited our respondents to add anything that they wished, anything that we had not asked about and that they felt was important. Almost all of them seized this opportunity to thank the Scandinavian locals and the authorities \u2013 in Oslo, on several occasions the Norwegian Queen \u2013 for their kindness and understanding. In other words, the experience of being ill-treated does not seem to be the dominant one for the migrants.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nD\u00e4r gav statlig media en helt annan bild av situationen \u00e4n vad som h\u00e4r framg\u00e5r av rapporten.<\/span><\/p>\nAssertion (9): If crimes are committed by the Roma, it is only out of desperation<\/h3>\n
This assertion is not easily elucidated through the use of survey data \u2013 and the interpretation of what is \u2018desperate\u2019 is not straightforward.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nNaturligtvis en om\u00f6jlighet att komma fram till sanningen i hur m\u00e5nga av de brott romer beg\u00e5r som g\u00f6rs pga ren ”desperation<\/em>”.<\/span><\/p>\nThere is little doubt that many of the street workers are in very difficult situations, both financially and otherwise.
\nHowever, criminal activities seem to be more common among some of the slightly better-off subgroups of street workers than among the very poorest.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nPersonligt tyckande, om \u00e4n inte p\u00e5 n\u00e5got s\u00e4tt orimligt att de allra fattigaste romerna beg\u00e5r n\u00e5got f\u00e4rre brott \u00e4n tiggare med lite mer pengar i fickan.<\/span><\/p>\nOn the other hand, income from criminal activities seems to be slightly higher than that from begging; in other words, the financially better-off position of those engaging in crime may be an outcome of their income-generating strategy.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nNaturligtvis tj\u00e4nar tiggarna mer p\u00e5 brottslighet \u00e4n p\u00e5 tiggeri.<\/span><\/p>\nNevertheless, the members of our population that engage in criminal activities cannot be very successful criminals \u2013 if they were, they would not be homeless and on the streets.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nHelt felaktig slutsats!!!<\/span><\/strong>
\nDet kan handla om mindre brott som inte ger st\u00f6rre inkomster eller brott som ger saker ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r pengar, eller brott d\u00e4r n\u00e5gon annan g\u00f6r f\u00f6rtj\u00e4nsten.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\nSummary<\/h2>\n
Key to understanding these groups is the recognition that there is extensive variation within them, and that some of the assertions discussed above may apply to subgroups within the population, but do not describe the population at large. While there is some truth in several of these assertions, our data refute some of the harshest stereotypes about Roma beggars. They are definitely poor, they are not organised by traffickers, the money is sorely needed and spent on necessities, and criminal activities are not closely associated with begging. Some assertions are almost self-evidently true; the generosity of strangers, NGOs and public institutions is critical for maintaining the practice of migration. The claims of the supporters of the Roma are not fully verified either.<\/p>\n
Discrimination against the Roma may be less common than expected, criminal activities are not necessarily limited to the most marginalised subgroups, and there is definitely money to be gained from migration<\/strong>.<\/p>\nThe determination to endure the hardships of being a street worker is clearly motivated by the income opportunities available in the Scandinavian capitals, in combination with the very scarce and ever-diminishing opportunities for gaining an income at home.
\nMigration to the Scandinavian countries is an economic strategy. In relation to the general standards of living enjoyed by Scandinavians, it may not seem a very effective economic strategy. Nevertheless, it is sufficiently profitable to make the difference between food and no food, health services or no health services, school or no school, for a number of households.<\/p>\n
TIGGERIF\u00d6RBUD O DYL.<\/h2>\n
A last \u2018myth\u2019 we need to address is what we believe to be an overly optimistic view of the possibility of curbing this kind of migration through either a ban on begging or restrictions of other kinds.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nMyt??? Det h\u00e4r \u00e4r en extremt vilseledande retorik.<\/span><\/p>\nFafo tror att det finns en \u00f6verdriven optimistisk syn p\u00e5 m\u00f6jligheten att minska antalet EU-migranter genom antingen ett tiggerif\u00f6rbud eller genom ”begr\u00e4nsningar av annan sort<\/em>” (vad Fafo nu menar med detta).<\/span><\/p>\nDet \u00e4r en extremt personlig \u00e5sikt utan n\u00e5got som helst st\u00f6d varken i deras egen forskning eller i n\u00e5gon annan forskning.<\/span><\/p>\nAlla med f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga att kunna t\u00e4nka det minsta logiskt f\u00f6rst\u00e5r att det Fafo h\u00e4r h\u00e4vdar \u00e4r absolut och med 100% s\u00e4kerhet felaktigt.<\/span><\/p>\nSj\u00e4lvklart kommer antalet EU-migranter att minska om m\u00f6jligheterna att tj\u00e4na pengar eller \u00e4gna sig \u00e5t m\u00e4nniskohandel minskar. N\u00e5got mer sj\u00e4lvklart \u00e4n detta g\u00e5r nog inte att finna, men annars kan man ju se att det \u00e4r just vad resultatet blivit i de l\u00e4nder d\u00e4r tiggerif\u00f6rbud i n\u00e5gon form inf\u00f6rts.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\nWe have not succeeded in making reliable estimates of the sizes of the populations of street workers in the three capitals. Therefore, we can not draw any conclusion as to whether or not the ban on begging has influenced the total number of Romanian street workers in Copenhagen.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nDet blir lite lustigt n\u00e4r Fafo i meningen direkt efter att de h\u00e4vdat att t ex tiggerif\u00f6rbud inte minskar antalet EU-migranter konstaterar att de inte vet.<\/span><\/p>\nMen n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller K\u00f6penhamn s\u00e5 kan var och en som vill veta sanningen g\u00f6ra ett bes\u00f6k d\u00e4r och j\u00e4mf\u00f6ra med t ex Malm\u00f6, G\u00f6teborg och Stockholm. D\u00e5 ser man direkt hur tiggerif\u00f6rbudet i Danmark kraftigt minskat antalet EU-migranter s\u00e5v\u00e4l som tillh\u00f6rande problem.<\/span><\/p>\nBut we are quite certain that it has influenced on the composition of the migrant population in Copenhagen and their choices of income-generating activities.<\/p>\n
The migrants in Copenhagen have had to rely on sources of income that make them less visible, and begging is less frequent there than in the other capitals.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nH\u00e4r f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker Fafo desperat hitta en f\u00f6rklaring till varf\u00f6r man ser v\u00e4ldigt f\u00e5 EU-migranter i K\u00f6penhamn. Det blir bara l\u00f6jligt n\u00e4r de f\u00f6rvrider sanningen p\u00e5 detta s\u00e4tt.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\nEven so, in spite of the ban on begging in Copenhagen, there are still many street workers who live from it.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\n”Street workers<\/em>”? – Enligt en f\u00f6rklaring i rapporten verkar det som att det \u00e4r tv\u00e5 ord f\u00f6r exakt samma sak. V\u00e4ldigt f\u00f6rvirrande. ”M\u00e5nga tiggare<\/em>” \u00e4r v\u00e4ldigt subjektivt. Hur m\u00e5nga fr\u00e5n var?
\n<\/span><\/p>\nAs documented in Chapter 2, our results suggest that the tough measures applied to curbing the activities of migrant street workers have had the effect of influencing the selection of migrants that come to Copenhagen: tough measures mean that only those \u201ctough\u201d migrants who are willing to endure risk will brave the journey.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nNej, kapitel 2 visar alls icke att tuffa \u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r att minska antalet EU-migranter p\u00e5verkar vilken typ av EU-migranter som kommer till K\u00f6penhamn. Det kanske g\u00e4ller f\u00f6r en majoritet av det mindre antal EU-migranter som Fafo intervjuat d\u00e4r? <\/span><\/p>\nHur m\u00e5nga av dem som intervjuades i K\u00f6penhamn befann sig d\u00e4r bara f\u00f6r n\u00e5gra dagar innan de drog vidare till Sverige, Norge eller Finland (eller tillbaka till sitt hemland)? N\u00e5gon fr\u00e5ga f\u00f6r att utr\u00f6na denna helt avg\u00f6rande faktor f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga fr\u00e5gor har inte st\u00e4llts.
\n<\/span><\/p>\nNot.
\nFafo undviker p\u00e5 ett lurigt s\u00e4tt att ber\u00e4tta hur m\u00e5nga EU-migranter som intervjuades i K\u00f6penhamn, p\u00e5 f\u00f6ljande retoriska s\u00e4tt:<\/span>
\nThe report is primarily based on three separate surveys which have provided data about a total of 1,269 migrants in the three Scandinavian capitals. The surveys were conducted during the summer and autumn 2014. <\/em><\/p>\nWhen we started our work in Copenhagen we wondered whether it would be possible to reach our target sample size of 450, as we assumed the population to be much smaller than was in fact the case. However, when the network recruitment started, we reached into population groups that we did not know existed, and it would not have been difficult to recruit far more correspondents than the target 450. The same was the case in both the other cities; there were no indications that we were even approaching having interviewed all the members of the population. Recruitment did proceed more slowly in Copenhagen than in the other cities, however, mainly due to the networks being smaller, resulting in a somewhat smaller sample because of the time constraints for fieldwork (see the methodology appendix). We therefore warn against \u2018guesstimates\u2019 of population size that are based on visibility or use of services.<\/em><\/p>\nAlthough we cannot say anything about population size, we can still generalise to distributions of characteristics within networks, in line with RDS methodology.<\/em><\/p>\nEfter att ha l\u00e4st ovanst\u00e5ende, hur m\u00e5nga tiggande EU-migranter tror du intervjuades i K\u00f6penhamn?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\nSom man snabbt kan konstatera unvdiker Fafo att uppge f\u00f6r tabellerna hur m\u00e5nga som svarat i respektive stad. De anger normalt endast procentsatser, vilket inneb\u00e4r att vissa fr\u00e5gor kan ha besvarats av t ex 400 i Norge, 200 i Stockholm och 50 i K\u00f6penhamn.<\/span><\/p>\nIt is therefore a plausible hypothesis that the ban on begging in Copenhagen may actually have contributed to increase the level of crime within this population.<\/p>\n
Red’s kom:
\nEn mycket m\u00e4rklig slutsats, baserat p\u00e5 ingenting, att tiggerif\u00f6rbudet i Danmark lett till en h\u00f6gre brottslighet bland romerna.<\/span><\/p>\nAVSLUTNINGSVIS<\/h2>\n
Att d\u00f6ma av uppl\u00e4gget p\u00e5 denna forskning s\u00e5 har fyra personer (Anne Britt Djuve, Jon Horgen Friberg, Guri Tyldum, Huafeng Zhang) f\u00e5tt i uppdrag av best\u00e4llaren att komma fram till vissa specifika f\u00f6rutbest\u00e4mda slutsatser oavsett resultaten i \u00f6vrigt, och sedan har man f\u00f6rutsatt att alla var l\u00e4ttlurade idioter som enkelt skulle kunna manipuleras med en unders\u00f6kning som ”forskare<\/em>” stod bakom.<\/span><\/p>\n